【材料课堂】铸造英语专用词汇

1.基本术语
铸造 foundry, founding, casting
铸造工艺 foundry technology
铸件 casting

砂型铸造 sand casting process

特种铸造 special casting process

2. 合金性能

流动性 fluidity
充型能力 mold-filling capacity

吸气 gas absorption

过冷 undercooling supercooling
过冷度 degree of undercooling

成核 nucleation

自发成核（均质成核） homogeneous nucleation

非自发成核（非均质成核）heterogeneous nucleation

凝固温度范围 solidification range

定向凝固（顺序凝固） directional solidification

液态收缩（液体收缩） liquid contraction

凝固收缩 solidification contraction
固态收缩（固体收缩） solid contraction
凝固时间 solidification time
自由收缩 free contraction
受阻收缩 hindered contraction

铸件线收缩率 shrinkage

收缩应力 contraction stress

热应力 thermal stress

相变应力 transformation stress,phase change stress

铸造应力 casting stress

残留应力（残余应力） residual stress

3. 铸造用材料

3.1. 金属原材料

金属原材料 metallic raw material

生铁 pig iron

铁合金 ferro-alloy

回炉料 foundry returns

中间合金 master alloy

3.2. 燃料

铸造焦炭 foundry coke

冶金焦炭 metallurgical coke

固定碳 fixed carbon

3.3. 熔剂

熔剂 flux

除气熔剂（除气剂） degassing flux

覆盖熔剂（覆盖剂） covering flux

精炼熔剂（精炼剂） refining flux

耐火度（耐火性） refractoriness

耐火砖 firebrick
耐火粘土 fireclay

硅砖 silica brick

镁砂 grain magnesite

3.4. 造型材料

造型材料 molding material

砂 sand

水洗砂 washed-out sand

硅砂 silica sand

天然砂 natural sand

人工砂 artificial sand

天然粘土砂 naturally clay-bonded sand

橄榄石砂 olivine sand

铬铁矿砂 chromite sand

锆砂 zircon sand

炭粒砂 carbon sand

精硅砂 sharp sand

红砂 red sand

熟料砂 chamotte sand

粘结剂 binder

粘土 clay

无机粘结剂 inorganic binder

有机粘结剂 organic binder

高岭土 kaolin

膨润土 bentonite

钠基膨润土 sodium bentonite

钙基膨润土 calcium bentonite

活化膨润土 activated bentonite

干性油 drying oil

硬粘结剂(冷硬粘结剂) no bake binder

热固树脂粘结剂 thermosetting resin binder

油类粘结剂 oil based binder

水玻璃粘结剂 water glass binder, sodium silicate binder

纸浆废液 lignin liquor

合脂粘结剂 synthetic fat binder

水玻璃模数 sodium silicate modulus

3.5. 辅助材料

附加物 additives

发热剂 exothermic mixture

分型剂（脱模剂） parting agent,stripping agent
固化剂（硬化剂）hardener

悬浮剂suspending agent
涂料 coating

型砂制备（砂处理） sand preparation

混砂 sand mulling, sand mixing
型砂（造型混合料） molding sand
芯砂（造芯混合料） core sand

合成砂 synthetic sand
自硬砂 self-hardening sand
水玻璃砂 sodium silicate-bonded sand
覆膜砂 precoated sand
烂砂泥（麻泥） loam
调匀砂 temper sand
面砂 facing sand
背砂（填充砂） backing sand
单一砂 unit sand

含泥量 clay content
含水量 moisture content
旧砂 floor sand
枯砂（焦砂） burnt sand
废砂 waste sand
热砂 hot sand

松砂 aeration , sand-cutting
筛分（筛析） screen analysis
旧砂处理 sand reconditioning
旧砂再生 sand reclamation
沉降分选 elutriation, decantation
型砂性能及试验
型砂试验 sand testing
透气性 permeability
流动性 flowability
型砂强度 sand strength
湿强度 green strength
干强度 dry strength

耐用性（复用性） durability
砂型（芯）硬度 mold hardness

热变形 hot deformation
残留强度 retained strength
热强度 hot strength

韧性 toughness

发气率（发气速度） gas evolution rate
发气性（发气量） gas evolution

吸湿性 moisture absorption
落砂性 knock-out capability
潰散性 collapsibility
胶质价 colloid index
破碎指数 shatter index

热气流烘砂装置 hot pneumatic tube drier
混砂机 sand muller, sand mixer
松砂机 aerator, sand cutter
冷却提升机 cooling elevator, coolevator
筛砂机 riddle
磁力滚筒 magnetic separator
旧砂再生设备 sand reclamation
气力输送装置 pneumatic tube conveyor

4. 铸造合金

4.1. 铸铁
铸铁 cast iron
铸铁石墨形态 morphology of graphite in cast iron
灰铸铁（灰口铸铁） gray cast iron
白口铸铁 white cast iron
麻口铸铁 mottled cast iron

共晶度 degree of saturation
碳当量 carbon equivalent
初生石墨 primary graphite
孕育铸铁 inoculated cast iron
球墨铸铁 spheroidal graphite cast iron, nodular graphite iron, ductile iron
球状石墨 spheroidal graphite, nodular graphite
可锻铸铁 malleable cast iron
黑心可锻铸铁 black heart malleable cast iron
珠光体可锻铸铁 pearlitic malleable cast iron
铁素体可锻铸铁 ferritic malleable cast iron

白心可锻铸铁 white heart malleable cast iron
团絮石墨 tempered graphite
冷硬铸铁（激冷铸铁） chilled iron
耐磨铸铁 wear resisting cast iron
耐热铸铁 heat resisting cast iron
耐酸铸铁 acid resisting cast iron
高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron
蠕墨铸铁 vermicular cast iron,compacted graphite cast iron
蠕虫状石墨 vermicular graphite
合金铸铁 alloy cast iron

4.2. 铸钢
铸钢 cast steel

炭素铸钢 carbon cast iron
低合金铸钢 low alloy cast steel
高锰钢 high manganese steel
铁素体钢 ferritic steel
铸造非铁合金
青铜 bronze
铅青铜 lead bronze

铝青铜 aluminum bronze
黄铜 brass
铝铜合金 aluminum-copper alloy
铝镁合金 aluminum-magnesium alloy
铝硅合金 aluminum-silicon alloy
镁合金 magnesium alloy
轴承合金（减摩合金） bearing metal, antifrictional metal

巴氏合金 babbitt alloy

钛合金 titanium alloy

5. 熔炼工艺及设备

5.1. 熔炼基本术语

熔化（熔炼） melting
重熔 remelting
炉料 charge
熔化率 melting rate
炉料计算 charge calculation
双联熔炼 duplexing
元素烧损（元素烧损率） melting losses of various chemical elements
熔炼损耗（烧损） total melting loss
还原气氛 reducing atmosphere
氧化气氛 oxidizing atmosphere

惰性气体 inert gas

碱度（碱性指数） index of basicity
碱性渣 basic slag
酸性渣 acid slag
精炼 refining
遗传性 heredity

风口比 tuyere ratio

有效高度 effective height
送风强度 blast intensity
预热送风 hot blast
底焦 coke bed
层焦 coke split
隔焦（结力焦） buffer coke charge
炉衬 furnace lining
碱性炉衬 basic lining
酸性炉衬 acid lining
棚料 bridging
熔池 bath
吸碳 carbon pick-up
铁焦比（焦比） iron-coke ratio
出渣 deslagging
打炉 cupola drop

5.2. 铸钢
氧化熔炼法 oxidizing melting
不氧化熔炼法 dead melting
真空熔炼 vacuum refining
电渣熔炼 electro-slag melting
熔渣 slag
沉渣 sludge
浮渣 dross, cinder

氧化期（沸腾期） oxidizing stage,boil
还原期 deoxidizing stage,blocking stage
还原渣 reducing slag

氧化渣 oxidizing slag

白渣 white slag
脱氧 deoxidation
扒渣 slagging- off
脱碳 decarburization
脱硫 desulphurization

脱磷 dephosphorization
增碳 recarburizing
脱氧剂 deoxidizer

挥发损耗 volatilizing losses
静置 stewing, holding
吹氮 nitrogen flushing

5.3. 熔炼设备

冲天炉 cupola

水冷冲天炉 water-cooled cupola

热风冲天炉 hot-blast cupola

湿法除尘器 wet cap

炉缸 cupola well
前炉 forehearth
冲天炉加料机 cupola charging machine

爬式加料机 skip hoist

电磁配铁称 electro-magnetic weighing balancer

电磁盘 electromagnetic chuck

电弧炉（直接电弧炉） arc furnace,direct arc furnace

感应电炉 electric induction furnace

电渣炉 electroslag furnace
电磁搅拌electromagnetic agitation
浇包 ladle
摇包 shaking ladle
底注包 bottom pouring ladle
保温炉holding furnace

坩埚炉crucible furnace
孕育 inoculation
多孔塞法 porous plug process
变质 modification
墨化剂 graphitizer

过热 superheating
石墨球化处理 nodularizing treatment of graphite
碳当量仪eutectometer

三角试块 wedge test-piece

真空除气vacuum degassing

5.4. 浇注

浇注 pouring

保护气氛浇注 pouring under controlled atmosphere
浇注速度 pouring rate
浇注温度 pouring temperature
浇注时间 pouring time
浇注位置 pouring position
型内孕育 inmold inoculation
压铁 weight
捣冒口 churning, pumping
点冒口（补注） teeming
浸入式高温计 immersion pyremeter
补炉 patching

炉龄（炉衬寿命） campaign

6. 工艺设计及工艺装备

6.1. 工艺设计

铸造工艺设计 mold design
铸造工艺装备设计 foundry tools design

铸造工艺图 foundry molding drawing
铸件图（毛坯图） drawing of rough casting
起模斜度（拔模斜度） pattern draft
收缩余量shrinkage allowance
工艺补正量 molding allowance

加工余量 machining allowance

吃砂量 mold thickness

补贴 pad
分型负数 joint allowance

铸件尺寸公差 dimensional tolerance of casting
铸件重量公差 weight allowance of casting

铸件加工基准面 reference face for machining of casting
铸件表面粗糙度 surface roughness of casting

6.2. 浇冒口系统
浇注系统（浇口） gating system,running system
封闭式浇注系统 choked running system, pressurized gating system
半封闭式浇注系统 enlarged runner system
开放式浇注系统 unchoked running system, non-pressurized gating system
浇口盆（外浇口） pouring basin
浇口杯 pouring cup
浇口塞 blanking-off plug
直浇道 sprue
直浇道窝 sprue base
横浇道 runner
筛网芯（滤网芯） strainer core
内浇道 ingate
离心集渣浇注系统 whirl gate, dirt trap system
顶注式浇注系统 top gating system
底注式浇注系统 bottom gating system
阶梯式浇注系统 step gating system
雨淋浇口 shower gate
缝隙浇口 slot gate
压边浇口 lip runner, kiss runner
牛角式浇口 horn gate
热节 hot spot
冒口 riser, feeder heed
冒口效率 riser efficiency
明冒口 open riser
暗冒口 blind riser
侧冒口（边冒口） side riser
压力冒口 pressure riser
大气压力冒口 atmospheric riser

发气压力冒口（气弹冒口） gas-delivered pressure riser
透气砂芯 pencil core
冒口颈 riser neck
冒口根 riser pad
保温冒口套 heat insulating feeder sleeve
发热冒口套 exothermic feeder sleeve

补缩距离 feeding distance, feeding zone
易割冒口 knock-off head
易割片（易割芯片） washburn core
铸造工艺装备 foundry tools and equipment
模样（铸模，模） pattern
母模 master pattern
金属模 metal pattern
骨架模 skeleton pattern

石膏模 plaster pattern
塑料模 plastic pattern
整体模 one-piece pattern
分开模 parted pattern, split pattern
活块 loose piece

模板 pattern plate

模底板 pattern mounting plate

单面模板 single face pattern plate

双面模板 match plate
放样（伸图） hot dimensional drawing
缩尺（模样工缩尺） shrinkage rule,pattern-maker’s rule

6.3. 芯盒
芯盒 core box
脱落式芯盒 troughed core box
下芯量具 core setting scale
下芯夹具 core jig
烘芯板 core drying plate
砂箱 flask, molding box
箱带（箱挡） flask bar, cross bar
脱箱 snap flask

套箱 mold jacket
套销 hollow pin, stub pin

7. 造型及造芯

7.1. 造型

造型 molding
型腔 mold cavity
铸型（型） mold
砂型 sand mold
上型（上箱） cope, top part
下型（下箱） drag, bottom part
手工造型 hand molding
机器造型 machine molding
自动化造型 automatic molding
分型面 mold joint
有箱造型 flask molding

两箱造型 two-part molding
三箱造型 three-part molding

不平分型面 stepped joint

无箱造型 flaskless molding
脱箱造型 removable flask molding
地坑造型 pit molding
刮板造型 sweep molding
抛砂造型 impeller ramming, sand slinging molding
组芯造型 core assembly molding
假箱造型 oddside molding
微震压实造型 vibratory squeezing molding
高压造型 high pressure molding
湿砂型（湿型，潮型） green sand mold
砂型烘干 mold drying
干砂型（干型）dry sand mold
表面烘干型 skin dried mold

烂砂泥型 loam mold

砂床 bed

过渡角 transition angle

吊砂 cod
砂钩 lifter

负压造型（真空密封造型） vacuum molding

流态砂造型 fluid sand molding
漏模 pattern stripping
填砂 mold-filling
紧实（紧砂，舂砂） ramming
震实 jolt ramming
压实 squeezing ramming
紧实度 degree of ramming
二氧化碳法造型 CO2 process
自硬砂造型 self-hardening sand molding
塞砂 tucking

刮砂 strike-off
造型生产线 molding line

刷水 swabbing

敲模 rapping

起模（拔模） stripping
扎出气孔 venting
排气道 venting channel
修型 patching
冷铁 densener, chill
外冷铁 surface densener
内冷铁 internal densener
验型（验箱） trial closing
合型（合箱，组型） mold assembling,closing

7.2. 造芯

造芯（制芯） core making
芯（芯子） core

芯骨 core rod, core scab

油砂芯 oil sand core

预制芯 embeded core, ram up core

芯头 core print
芯座 core print
芯头斜度 core print taper

芯头间隙 core print clearance

壳芯 shell core
烘芯 core baking

通气蜡线 vent wax
冷芯盒法 cold box process
热芯盒法 hot box process
芯撑 chaplet
造型工具
造型工具 hand tools of molding
压勺 heart and spoon
提沟 cleaner
双头铜勺（秋叶） double ended radius sleeker

镘刀 trowel
造型及造芯设备
造型机 molding machine
压实造型机 squeezing molding machine
震击台 bumper
振动台 vibrating table
微震压实造型机 vibratory squeezer
震实造型机 jolt molding machine
高压造型机 high pressure molding machine
射压造型机 shooting and squeezing molding machine
多触头造型机 equalizing piston squeezer
抛砂机 sand slinger
起模机 drawing machine
射砂机 core shooter

挤芯机 core extruder
铸型输送机 mold conveyor

8. 铸件落砂及清理

8.1. 落砂及清理

落砂 shake-out, knock-out
除芯 decoring
噴砂清理 sand blasting
抛丸清理 shot blasting
水力清砂 hydraulic cleaning
水砂清砂 hydraulic blast
清理 cleaning, fettling
清砂 cleaning

火焰表面清理 scarfing
清铲 chipping
化学清砂 chemical cleaning
精整 dressing and finishing
落砂机 knock-out machine
抛丸清理机 shot blast machine

清理滚筒 tumbling barrel

抛丸落砂清理设备 shot blast reclaiming equipment
悬挂式磨轮 swing frame grinder
矫正 coining, straightening
焊补 repair welding
渗补 impregnation

金属型铸造 permanent mold casting, gravity die casting
金属型 metal mold
金属芯 metal core
覆砂金属型 sand-lined metal mold
排气塞 venting plug
排气槽 air vent
龟裂 heat checking
金属型铸造机 gravity die casting machine

9. 压力铸造

压力铸造（压铸） die casting, pressure die casting
压铸型 die-casting die, die
动型 moving die, ejector die half
定型 fixed die, cover die half
合型力 clamping force , die locking force

压室 pressure chamber
鹅颈管 gooseneck

分流器 spreader, sprue spreader

顶杆 ejector pin

溢流槽 overflow well

压射冲头（压室） injection piston,plunger
压射比压 injection pressure
压射速度 injection speed
保压时间 dwell time
真空压铸 evacuated die casting,vacuum die casting
充氧压铸 pore-free die casting
双冲头压铸（精速密压铸）acurad(accurate?) die casting
压铸机 die casting machine
冷室压铸机 cold chamber die casting machine
热室压铸机 hot chamber die casting machine
镶铸法 insert process
离心铸造 true centrifugal casting
半离心铸造 semi-centrifugal casting
离心浇注 centrifugal pressure casting, centrifuge casting
双金属离心铸造 bimetal centrifugal casting

离心铸造机 centrifugal casting machine

10. 熔模铸造
失模铸造 lost pattern casting
熔模铸造（失蜡铸造） fusible pattern molding, lost-wax molding
压制熔模 fusible pattern injection
压型 pattern die
熔模 fusible pattern
盐模salt pattern
蜡模 wax-pattern
模组 pattern assembly
熔模涂料（浆料） slurry
面层涂料 investment precoat
撒砂 stuccoing
脱蜡 dewaxing
熔烧 sintering
壳型铸造 shell molding
结壳时间 investing time
结壳温度 investing temperature
硬化温度 curing temperature
硬化时间 curing time
陶瓷型铸造 ceramic molding
陶瓷型浆料 ceramic slurry
灌浆 paste pouring
喷烧 torch firing
低压铸造 low-pressure die casting
充型压力 mold filling pressure
保压压力 dwell pressure
升液管 stalk
真空吸铸 suction casting
差压铸造（反压铸造）counter-pressure casting
实型铸造 full mold process,cavityless casting
泡沫塑料模 styrofoam pattern
磁型铸造（磁丸铸造） magnetic shot molding process
凝壳铸造 slush casting
石膏型铸造 plaster molding
连续铸造 continuous casting
铸件检验 inspection of casting
铸件质量分析 quality analysis of asting
铸件外观质量 visual quality of asting
铸件内在质量 internal quality of asting

铸件使用性能 service ability of asting
单铸试块 separated test bar of asting
附铸试块 test lug
缺陷铸件 defective casting
废品 reject
无损检验（无损探伤） ondestructive inspection
破坏性试验 destructive testin